India’s Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) is advancing a new generation of pressurized light-water nuclear reactors designed to significantly enhance the capabilities of the country’s strategic submarine fleet. Each reactor, rated at 200 megawatt electric (MWe), will power India’s upcoming S5-class ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), doubling their underwater endurance compared to existing platforms.
According to defense officials, the reactors will be fueled by enriched uranium and are engineered for exceptional longevity, capable of sustaining submarine operations for up to a decade without the need for refueling. This advancement marks a major step in India’s efforts to strengthen its sea-based nuclear deterrent and enhance second-strike survivability.
The new powerplants are designed not only for endurance but also for versatility. Reports indicate they can be reconfigured to provide a steady and low-noise power output, allowing submarines to operate in stealth mode while remaining undetected by enemy sensors. This feature is critical for survivability during extended underwater patrols.
The S5-class submarines, which will be larger and more capable than India’s current Arihant-class, are expected to carry up to 16 ballistic missiles, reinforcing India’s nuclear triad. By pairing long-duration patrol capability with heavy payload capacity, the new SSBNs will elevate India’s position in the global nuclear submarine league.
